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In the first article in this series, the definition of glaucoma, epidemiological issues and the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) were considered, alongside the classification of glaucoma and the features of the more common glaucomas.
This second article summarises the mechanisms responsible for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and the relationship between IOP and glaucoma. The normal variations in IOP and the factors which influence IOP are discussed, and, in view of the increasing recognition of the importance of a number of factors, in particular corneal characteristics, in obtaining accurate estimates of IOP, an updated review of tonometry is presented.
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