How to ensure the highest level of safety & efficacy for refractive surgery

The field of refractive surgery has evolved remarkably over the past two decades, shifting from an innovative but niche specialty to a mainstream, evidence-driven discipline. 

However, despite substantial technological advancements and a growing body of clinical evidence, scepticism persists. Concerns about the safety and predictability of refractive surgery, especially when compared to contact lens use, are often rooted in outdated perceptions.^1-3  

Today, laser eye surgery demonstrates excellent safety profiles that not only rival but, in many cases, surpass long-term contact lens wear.^{2, 4}  

This article delves into four critical pillars of modern refractive surgery: epithelial mapping for keratoconus detection, Presbyond laser-based presbyopia correction, advanced techniques for implantable collamer lens (ICL) sizing, and cutting-edge methods for addressing complications.