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MS is a presumed-autoimmune chronic neurological disorder characterised by nerve fibre demyelination at multiple sites within the central nervous system, resulting in impaired conduction of nerve impulses. MS affects women nine times more often than men, often begins in the third to fifth decades and produces multiple, fluctuating neurological deficits.
The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) found that 38 per cent of adults presenting with ON would be diagnosed with MS over the following 10 years. Optic neuritis without MS may in some instances be a local autoimmune reaction causing a similar demyelinating inflammation of the nerve.
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