optician provides answers for CET Module C4823b (January 30)1 Which muscle acts as an eyelid retractor and receives a sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglion? (A) Orbicularis oculi; (B) Levator palpebrae superioris; (C) Superior tarsal muscle (of MŸller); (D) Frontalis.
The correct answer is C: The superior tarsal muscle (of MŸller) is innervated by the sympathetic system and aids the levator in retracting the upper eyelid to maintain the palpebral aperture.
2 Which muscle elevates the eyebrows and is particularly active in up gaze?
(A) Orbicularis oculi; (B) Levator palpebrae superioris; (C) Superior tarsal muscle; (D) Frontalis.
The correct answer is D: The frontalis muscle elevates the eyebrows.
3 What is the precise location of the mucocutaneous junction of the eyelid?
(A) Immediately anterior to the eyelash insertion: (B) Immediately anterior to the meibomian gland openings; (C) Immediately posterior to the meibomian gland openings; (D) Opposite the inferior palpebral sulcus.
The correct answer is C: The junction between the conjunctival mucosa and the skin is situated immediately posterior to the meibomian gland openings.
4 Which of the following statements regarding the meibomian glands is false?
(A) They are located within the tarsal plates; (B) They are more numerous within the upper lid; (C) Their secretion is regulated by oestrogens; (D) Meibomian secretion contains a complex mixture of lipids.
The correct answer is C: The meibomian glands are influenced by androgens.
5 The involvement of which nerve is an important prognostic indicator of ocular complications in herpes zoster ophthalmicus? (A) Nasociliary; (B) Zygomatic; (C) Lacrimal; (D) Supratrochlear.
The correct answer is A: The appearance of skin lesions on the side of the nose extending towards the tip indicate nasociliary nerve involvement and suggest ocular involvement is a risk.
6 Which quadrant of the conjunctiva contains the greatest number of goblet cells? (A) Upper temporal; (B) Lower temporal; (C) Upper nasal; (D) Lower nasal.
The correct answer is D: The lower nasal quadrant has the highest concentration of goblet cells.
7 From where does tear secretory mucin mainly originate? (A) Lacrimal gland; (B) Meibomian gland; (C) Ocular surface epithelium; (D) Conjunctival goblet cells.
The correct answer is D: Though there is some evidence of lacrimal gland involvement, the main source of tear secretory mucin is the conjunctival goblet cells.
8 Which region of the normal conjunctiva contains the greatest number of papillae and follicles? (A) Marginal; (B) Tarsal; (C) Orbital; (D) Bulbar.
The correct answer is C: The orbital conjunctiva contains the greatest number of papillae and follicles.
9 Which of the following disorders is characterised by a predominantly follicular conjunctival response? (A) Toxic keratoconjunctivitis; (B) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis; (C) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis; (D) Giant papillary conjunctivitis.
The correct answer is A: Toxic keratoconjunctivitis produces a predominantly follicular conjunctival response.
10 Into which nodes do lymphatics of the eyelid and conjunctiva predominantly drain? (A) Deep cervical; (B) Pre-auricular; (C) Superficial cervical; (D) Facial.
The correct answer is B: The pre-auricular nodes are the main site for eyelid and conjunctival drainage, hence their association with viral conjunctival infection, for example.
11 Which of the following statements regarding herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is false? (A) HZO is caused by the varicella virus; (B) HZO is most common in the elderly and immunocompromised; (C) HZO skin lesions can extend across the midline to involve the contralateral ophthalmic dermatome; (D) Aciclovir can reduce acute and post-herpetic pain.
The correct answer is C: The activation of the HZO virus within the nervous system results in a dermatome representation which respects the vertical midline.
12 Which of the following antibodies is the principal component of the humoral defence of the ocular surface? (A) IgG; (B) IgA; (C) IgM; (D) IgD.
The correct answer is B: Immunoglobulin A is the principal component of humoral defence of the ocular surface.1 Which muscle acts as an eyelid retractor and receives a sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglion? (A) Orbicularis oculi; (B) Levator palpebrae superioris; (C) Superior tarsal muscle (of MŸller); (D) Frontalis.
The correct answer is C: The superior tarsal muscle (of MŸller) is innervated by the sympathetic system and aids the levator in retracting the upper eyelid to maintain the palpebral aperture.
2 Which muscle elevates the eyebrows and is particularly active in up gaze?
(A) Orbicularis oculi; (B) Levator palpebrae superioris; (C) Superior tarsal muscle; (D) Frontalis.
The correct answer is D: The frontalis muscle elevates the eyebrows.
3 What is the precise location of the mucocutaneous junction of the eyelid?
(A) Immediately anterior to the eyelash insertion: (B) Immediately anterior to the meibomian gland openings; (C) Immediately posterior to the meibomian gland openings; (D) Opposite the inferior palpebral sulcus.
The correct answer is C: The junction between the conjunctival mucosa and the skin is situated immediately posterior to the meibomian gland openings.
4 Which of the following statements regarding the meibomian glands is false?
(A) They are located within the tarsal plates; (B) They are more numerous within the upper lid; (C) Their secretion is regulated by oestrogens; (D) Meibomian secretion contains a complex mixture of lipids.
The correct answer is C: The meibomian glands are influenced by androgens.
5 The involvement of which nerve is an important prognostic indicator of ocular complications in herpes zoster ophthalmicus? (A) Nasociliary; (B) Zygomatic; (C) Lacrimal; (D) Supratrochlear.
The correct answer is A: The appearance of skin lesions on the side of the nose extending towards the tip indicate nasociliary nerve involvement and suggest ocular involvement is a risk.
6 Which quadrant of the conjunctiva contains the greatest number of goblet cells? (A) Upper temporal; (B) Lower temporal; (C) Upper nasal; (D) Lower nasal.
The correct answer is D: The lower nasal quadrant has the highest concentration of goblet cells.
7 From where does tear secretory mucin mainly originate? (A) Lacrimal gland; (B) Meibomian gland; (C) Ocular surface epithelium; (D) Conjunctival goblet cells.
The correct answer is D: Though there is some evidence of lacrimal gland involvement, the main source of tear secretory mucin is the conjunctival goblet cells.
8 Which region of the normal conjunctiva contains the greatest number of papillae and follicles? (A) Marginal; (B) Tarsal; (C) Orbital; (D) Bulbar.
The correct answer is C: The orbital conjunctiva contains the greatest number of papillae and follicles.
9 Which of the following disorders is characterised by a predominantly follicular conjunctival response? (A) Toxic keratoconjunctivitis; (B) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis; (C) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis; (D) Giant papillary conjunctivitis.
The correct answer is A: Toxic keratoconjunctivitis produces a predominantly follicular conjunctival response.
10 Into which nodes do lymphatics of the eyelid and conjunctiva predominantly drain? (A) Deep cervical; (B) Pre-auricular; (C) Superficial cervical; (D) Facial.
The correct answer is B: The pre-auricular nodes are the main site for eyelid and conjunctival drainage, hence their association with viral conjunctival infection, for example.
11 Which of the following statements regarding herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is false? (A) HZO is caused by the varicella virus; (B) HZO is most common in the elderly and immunocompromised; (C) HZO skin lesions can extend across the midline to involve the contralateral ophthalmic dermatome; (D) Aciclovir can reduce acute and post-herpetic pain.
The correct answer is C: The activation of the HZO virus within the nervous system results in a dermatome representation which respects the vertical midline.
12 Which of the following antibodies is the principal component of the humoral defence of the ocular surface? (A) IgG; (B) IgA; (C) IgM; (D) IgD.
The correct answer is B: Immunoglobulin A is the principal component of humoral defence of the ocular surface.1 Which muscle acts as an eyelid retractor and receives a sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglion? (A) Orbicularis oculi; (B) Levator palpebrae superioris; (C) Superior tarsal muscle (of MŸller); (D) Frontalis.
The correct answer is C: The superior tarsal muscle (of MŸller) is innervated by the sympathetic system and aids the levator in retracting the upper eyelid to maintain the palpebral aperture.
2 Which muscle elevates the eyebrows and is particularly active in up gaze?
(A) Orbicularis oculi; (B) Levator palpebrae superioris; (C) Superior tarsal muscle; (D) Frontalis.
The correct answer is D: The frontalis muscle elevates the eyebrows.
3 What is the precise location of the mucocutaneous junction of the eyelid?
(A) Immediately anterior to the eyelash insertion: (B) Immediately anterior to the meibomian gland openings; (C) Immediately posterior to the meibomian gland openings; (D) Opposite the inferior palpebral sulcus.
The correct answer is C: The junction between the conjunctival mucosa and the skin is situated immediately posterior to the meibomian gland openings.
4 Which of the following statements regarding the meibomian glands is false?
(A) They are located within the tarsal plates; (B) They are more numerous within the upper lid; (C) Their secretion is regulated by oestrogens; (D) Meibomian secretion contains a complex mixture of lipids.
The correct answer is C: The meibomian glands are influenced by androgens.
5 The involvement of which nerve is an important prognostic indicator of ocular complications in herpes zoster ophthalmicus? (A) Nasociliary; (B) Zygomatic; (C) Lacrimal; (D) Supratrochlear.
The correct answer is A: The appearance of skin lesions on the side of the nose extending towards the tip indicate nasociliary nerve involvement and suggest ocular involvement is a risk.
6 Which quadrant of the conjunctiva contains the greatest number of goblet cells? (A) Upper temporal; (B) Lower temporal; (C) Upper nasal; (D) Lower nasal.
The correct answer is D: The lower nasal quadrant has the highest concentration of goblet cells.
7 From where does tear secretory mucin mainly originate? (A) Lacrimal gland; (B) Meibomian gland; (C) Ocular surface epithelium; (D) Conjunctival goblet cells.
The correct answer is D: Though there is some evidence of lacrimal gland involvement, the main source of tear secretory mucin is the conjunctival goblet cells.
8 Which region of the normal conjunctiva contains the greatest number of papillae and follicles? (A) Marginal; (B) Tarsal; (C) Orbital; (D) Bulbar.
The correct answer is C: The orbital conjunctiva contains the greatest number of papillae and follicles.
9 Which of the following disorders is characterised by a predominantly follicular conjunctival response? (A) Toxic keratoconjunctivitis; (B) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis; (C) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis; (D) Giant papillary conjunctivitis.
The correct answer is A: Toxic keratoconjunctivitis produces a predominantly follicular conjunctival response.
10 Into which nodes do lymphatics of the eyelid and conjunctiva predominantly drain? (A) Deep cervical; (B) Pre-auricular; (C) Superficial cervical; (D) Facial.
The correct answer is B: The pre-auricular nodes are the main site for eyelid and conjunctival drainage, hence their association with viral conjunctival infection, for example.
11 Which of the following statements regarding herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is false? (A) HZO is caused by the varicella virus; (B) HZO is most common in the elderly and immunocompromised; (C) HZO skin lesions can extend across the midline to involve the contralateral ophthalmic dermatome; (D) Aciclovir can reduce acute and post-herpetic pain.
The correct answer is C: The activation of the HZO virus within the nervous system results in a dermatome representation which respects the vertical midline.
12 Which of the following antibodies is the principal component of the humoral defence of the ocular surface? (A) IgG; (B) IgA; (C) IgM; (D) IgD.
The correct answer is B: Immunoglobulin A is the principal component of humoral defence of the ocular surface.1 Which muscle acts as an eyelid retractor and receives a sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglion? (A) Orbicularis oculi; (B) Levator palpebrae superioris; (C) Superior tarsal muscle (of MŸller); (D) Frontalis.
The correct answer is C
2 Which muscle elevates the eyebrows and is particularly active in up gaze?
(A) Orbicularis oculi; (B) Levator palpebrae superioris; (C) Superior tarsal muscle; (D) Frontalis.
The correct answer is D
3 What is the precise location of the mucocutaneous junction of the eyelid?
(A) Immediately anterior to the eyelash insertion: (B) Immediately anterior to the meibomian gland openings; (C) Immediately posterior to the meibomian gland openings; (D) Opposite the inferior palpebral sulcus.
The correct answer is C
4 Which of the following statements regarding the meibomian glands is false?
(A) They are located within the tarsal plates; (B) They are more numerous within the upper lid; (C) Their secretion is regulated by oestrogens; (D) Meibomian secretion contains a complex mixture of lipids.
The correct answer is C
5 The involvement of which nerve is an important prognostic indicator of ocular complications in herpes zoster ophthalmicus? (A) Nasociliary;
(B) Zygomatic; (C) Lacrimal; (D) Supratrochlear
The correct answer is A
6 Which quadrant of the conjunctiva contains the greatest number of goblet cells? (A) Upper temporal; (B) Lower temporal; (C) Upper nasal; (D) Lower nasal.
The correct answer is D
7 From where does tear secretory mucin mainly originate? (A) Lacrimal gland; (B) Meibomian gland; (C) Ocular surface epithelium; (D) Conjunctival goblet cells.
The correct answer is D
8 Which region of the normal conjunctiva contains the greatest number of papillae and follicles? (A) Marginal; (B) Tarsal; (C) Orbital; (D) Bulbar.
The correct answer is C
9 Which of the following disorders is characterised by a predominantly follicular conjunctival response?
(A) Toxic keratoconjunctivitis; (B) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis; (C) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis; (D) Giant papillary conjunctivitis.
The correct answer is A
10 Into which nodes do lymphatics of the eyelid and conjunctiva predominantly drain? (A) Deep cervical; (B) Pre-auricular; (C) Superficial cervical;
(D) Facial.
The correct answer is B
11 Which of the following statements regarding herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is false? (A) HZO is caused by the varicella virus; (B) HZO is most common in the elderly and immunocompromised; (C) HZO skin lesions can extend across the midline to involve the contralateral ophthalmic dermatome;
(D) Aciclovir can reduce acute and post-herpetic pain.
The correct answer is C
12 Which of the following antibodies is the principal component of the humoral defence of the ocular surface? (A) IgG; (B) IgA; (C) IgM; (D) IgD.
The correct answer is B
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